History of Movies.

Martin Scorsese's 39 Essential Foreign Films, Ranked

The homework list Scorsese handed a young filmmaker who asked what to watch: 39 world-cinema essentials. Ranked here by our composite canon score, with every film's other list and award appearances cited.

37 films from this list are in our library; the top 30 by composite score are shown — the ranking is ours, not the list's own order.

  1. 1
    Blowup1966 · Michelangelo Antonioni
    4.41

    Palme d'Or winner 1967 · Kinema Junpo Best Ten (International) 1967 #2 · BFI Top 100 British films #60

  2. 2
    Tokyo Story1953 · Yasujirō Ozu
    4.01

    Sight & Sound 2022 critics' poll #4 · Sight & Sound 2022 directors' poll #4 · Kinema Junpo Best Ten (Japanese) 1953 #2

  3. 3
    Bicycle Thieves1948 · Vittorio De Sica
    3.96

    Kinema Junpo Best Ten (International) 1950 #1 · Sight & Sound 2022 directors' poll #20 · BAFTA Best Film nominee 1950

  4. 4
    Seven Samurai1954 · Akira Kurosawa
    3.05

    Sight & Sound 2022 directors' poll #14 · Sight & Sound 2022 critics' poll #20 · Letterboxd Top 250 #5

  5. 5
    La Grande Illusion1937 · Jean Renoir
    2.86

    Oscar Best Picture nominee 1938 · Kinema Junpo Best Ten (International) 1949 #2 · Sight & Sound 2022 critics' poll #146

  6. 6
    Breathless1960 · Jean-Luc Godard
    2.85

    Sight & Sound 2022 directors' poll #14 · Sight & Sound 2022 critics' poll #38 · Cahiers du Cinéma annual top 10 1960 #3

  7. 7
    The 400 Blows1959 · François Truffaut
    2.80

    Sight & Sound 2022 directors' poll #33 · Sight & Sound 2022 critics' poll #50 · Cahiers du Cinéma annual top 10 1959 #5

  8. 8
    Ikiru1952 · Akira Kurosawa
    2.78

    Kinema Junpo Best Ten (Japanese) 1952 #1 · Sight & Sound 2022 directors' poll #72 · Sight & Sound 2022 critics' poll #157

  9. 9
    Ugetsu1953 · Kenji Mizoguchi
    2.68

    Cahiers du Cinéma annual top 10 1959 #1 · Kinema Junpo Best Ten (Japanese) 1953 #3 · Sight & Sound 2022 critics' poll #90

  10. 10
    L'Avventura1960 · Michelangelo Antonioni
    2.64

    Cahiers du Cinéma annual top 10 1960 #2 · Sight & Sound 2022 directors' poll #38 · Sight & Sound 2022 critics' poll #72

  11. 11
    Sansho the Bailiff1954 · Kenji Mizoguchi
    2.57

    Cahiers du Cinéma annual top 10 1960 #1 · Sight & Sound 2022 critics' poll #75 · Kinema Junpo Best Ten (Japanese) 1954 #9

  12. 12
    The Rules of the Game1939 · Jean Renoir
    1.88

    Sight & Sound 2022 critics' poll #13 · Sight & Sound 2022 directors' poll #38 · Scorsese's 39 essential foreign films

  13. 13
    The Enigma of Kaspar Hauser1974 · Werner Herzog
    1.86

    Cannes Grand Prix winner 1975 · Scorsese's 39 essential foreign films · Roger Ebert's Great Movies

  14. 14
    Paisà1946 · Roberto Rossellini
    1.78

    Kinema Junpo Best Ten (International) 1949 #1 · Sight & Sound 2022 critics' poll #196 · Scorsese's 39 essential foreign films

  15. 15
    Metropolis1927 · Fritz Lang
    1.69

    Sight & Sound 2022 critics' poll #67 · Kinema Junpo Best Ten (International) 1929 #4 · Scorsese's 39 essential foreign films

  16. 16
    Children of Paradise1945 · Marcel Carné
    1.65

    Kinema Junpo Best Ten (International) 1952 #3 · Sight & Sound 2022 critics' poll #136 · Scorsese's 39 essential foreign films

  17. 17
    Ali: Fear Eats the Soul1974 · Rainer Werner Fassbinder
    1.57

    Sight & Sound 2022 critics' poll #52 · Sight & Sound 2022 directors' poll #52 · Scorsese's 39 essential foreign films

  18. 18
    High and Low1963 · Akira Kurosawa
    1.55

    Kinema Junpo Best Ten (Japanese) 1963 #2 · Letterboxd Top 250 #6 · Scorsese's 39 essential foreign films

  19. 19
    Bande à part1964 · Jean-Luc Godard
    1.39

    Cahiers du Cinéma annual top 10 1964 #1 · Scorsese's 39 essential foreign films · Criterion Collection spine #174

  20. 20
    Weekend1967 · Jean-Luc Godard
    1.32

    Cahiers du Cinéma annual top 10 1967 #3 · Kinema Junpo Best Ten (International) 1969 #4 · Scorsese's 39 essential foreign films

  21. 21
    Shoot the Piano Player1960 · François Truffaut
    1.12

    Cahiers du Cinéma annual top 10 1960 #4 · Kinema Junpo Best Ten (International) 1963 #9 · Scorsese's 39 essential foreign films

  22. 22
    Aguirre, the Wrath of God1972 · Werner Herzog
    1.10

    Sight & Sound 2022 critics' poll #118 · Kinema Junpo Best Ten (International) 1983 #9 · Scorsese's 39 essential foreign films

  23. 23
    Umberto D.1952 · Vittorio De Sica
    1.05

    Kinema Junpo Best Ten (International) 1962 #7 · Scorsese's 39 essential foreign films · Letterboxd Top 250 #217

  24. 24
    Rome, Open City1945 · Roberto Rossellini
    1.04

    Kinema Junpo Best Ten (International) 1950 #4 · Scorsese's 39 essential foreign films · Vatican film list

  25. 25
    Rocco and His Brothers1960 · Luchino Visconti
    1.00

    Cahiers du Cinéma annual top 10 1961 #4 · Scorsese's 39 essential foreign films · Letterboxd Top 250 #129

  26. 26
    Nosferatu1922 · F. W. Murnau
    0.97

    Sight & Sound 2022 critics' poll #196 · Scorsese's 39 essential foreign films · Vatican film list

  27. 27
    Death by Hanging1968 · Nagisa Ōshima
    0.89

    Kinema Junpo Best Ten (Japanese) 1968 #3 · Scorsese's 39 essential foreign films · Criterion Collection spine #798

  28. 28
    The Marriage of Maria Braun1979 · Rainer Werner Fassbinder
    0.88

    Kinema Junpo Best Ten (International) 1980 #6 · Scorsese's 39 essential foreign films · Criterion Collection spine #204

  29. 29
    Before the Revolution1964 · Bernardo Bertolucci
    0.86

    Cahiers du Cinéma annual top 10 1968 #2 · Scorsese's 39 essential foreign films

  30. 30
    Napoléon1927 · Abel Gance
    0.83

    Sight & Sound 2022 critics' poll #225 · Scorsese's 39 essential foreign films · Vatican film list

The homework list

In 2013 a young filmmaker named Colin Levy got a mentoring session with Martin Scorsese and asked, more or less, "what should I watch?" Scorsese's answer arrived as a handwritten list: 39 foreign-language essentials, from The 400 Blows to Ugetsu — later transcribed and circulated widely online. It's the most practical document in the Scorsese film-evangelism canon, the same instinct that produced his World Cinema Project (which restores and re-circulates endangered films) and his four-hour documentaries on American and Italian movies: the conviction that filmmakers are made by what they've seen, and that most people haven't seen enough.

As a syllabus it has a clear center of gravity — postwar Italy and the French New Wave, the cinemas that made Scorsese — with deliberate reach into Japan, India and Eastern Europe. We show it ranked by our composite canon score rather than in list order, with each film's full list-and-award record cited, so you can see which of Scorsese's assignments the whole canon endorses and which are personal dares. If you want a place to start, start at the top; if you want to know Scorsese, look at the bottom.